The optical integrating sphere is an important optical measurement device used to uniformly distribute light signals across the sphere's surface, enabling accurate measurement of parameters such as luminous flux, light intensity, and spectrum. Its basic structure consists of a sphere coated internally with a highly reflective diffuse material, typically white paint or diffuse ref...

Diffuse reflectors are optical materials capable of scattering incident light uniformly in all directions, allowing for even light distribution and accurate measurements of optical parameters such as luminous flux. These materials are commonly used in optical experiments and observations.